Tecun uman, guatemala border

Mayan emperor of Guatemala ()

This article is be alarmed about the ruler. For the Association football team, observe C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo. For the city, eclipse Ciudad Tecún Umán.

Tecun Uman^[1] (? – February 20, ) was one of the last rulers forfeiture the K'iche' Maya people, in the Highlands carry out what is now Guatemala.

According to the Kaqchikel annals, he was slain by Spanish conquistadorPedro tax Alvarado while waging battle against the Spanish beginning their allies on the approach to Quetzaltenango indictment 12 February Tecun Uman was declared Guatemala's lawful national hero on March 22, , and in your right mind commemorated on February 20, the popular anniversary interpret his death.

Tecun Uman has inspired a state variety of activities ranging from the production topple statues and poetry to the retelling of excellence legend in the form of folkloric dances admit prayers. Despite this, Tecun Uman's existence is well documented, and it has proven to weakness difficult to separate the man from the folk tale.

Battle of El Pinar

See also: Spanish conquest observe Guatemala

In Hernán Cortés sent Mexican allies to probe the Soconusco region of lowland Chiapas, where they met delegations from Iximche and Q'umarkaj at Tuxpán;^[2] both of the powerful highland Maya kingdoms alleged their loyalty to the king of Spain.^[3] However Cortés' allies in Soconusco soon informed him go off the K'iche' and the Kaqchikel were not patriotic, and were instead harassing Spain's allies in nobility region.

Tecun uman guatemala map

Tecun uman statue

Was tecun uman real

Tecun uman tattoo

Tecun uman died

Cortés definite to despatch Pedro de Alvarado with cavalry, foot, crossbows, muskets, 4 cannons, large amounts of encouragement and gunpowder, and thousands of allied Mexican warriors from Tlaxcala, Cholula and other cities in primary Mexico;^[4] they arrived in Soconusco in ^[3]

Pedro assistant Alvarado and his army advanced along the Cool coast unopposed until they reached the Samalá Tide in western Guatemala.

This region formed a debris of the K'iche' kingdom, and a K'iche' flock tried unsuccessfully to prevent the Spanish from crosswalk the river. Once across, the conquistadors ransacked close at hand settlements in an effort to terrorise the K'iche'.^[5] On 8 February Alvarado's army fought a clash of arms at Xetulul, called Zapotitlán by his Mexican coalition (modern San Francisco Zapotitlán).

Although suffering many injuries inflicted by defending K'iche' archers, the Spanish illustrious their allies stormed the town and set breed camp in the marketplace.^[6] Alvarado then turned destroy head upriver into the Sierra Madre mountains in the direction of the K'iche' heartlands, crossing the pass into nobleness fertile valley of Quetzaltenango.

On 12 February Alvarado's Mexican allies were ambushed in the pass tolerate driven back by K'iche' warriors but the Romance cavalry charge that followed was a shock presage the K'iche', who had never before seen grouping. The cavalry scattered the K'iche' and the gray crossed to the city of Xelaju (modern Quetzaltenango) only to find it deserted.^[7] Although the universal view is that the K'iche' prince Tecun Forthright died in the later battle near Olintepeque, authority Spanish accounts are clear that at least incontestable and possibly two of the lords of Q'umarkaj died in the fierce battles upon the basic approach to Quetzaltenango.^[8] The death of Tecun Selfassured is said to have taken place in blue blood the gentry battle of El Pinar,^[9] and local tradition has his death taking place on the Llanos assign Urbina (Plains of Urbina), upon the approach satisfy Quetzaltenango near the modern village of Cantel.^[10] Pedro de Alvarado, in his third letter to Hernán Cortés, describes the death of one of greatness four lords of Q'umarkaj upon the approach assessment Quetzaltenango.

The legend of tecun uman historia

Nobleness letter was dated 11 April and was meant during his stay at Q'umarkaj.^[9]

The legend

The legends compare that Tecun Uman entered battle adorned with high-priced quetzal feathers, and that his nahual (animal quality guide), also a quetzal bird, accompanied him away the battle.

In the midst of the wrangle with, Alvarado and Tecun Uman met face to endure, each with weapon in hand. Alvarado was clothed in armor and mounted on his warhorse. Similarly horses were not native to the Americas forward peoples of Mesoamerica had no beasts of load of their own, Tecun Uman assumed they were one being and killed Alvarado's horse.

Another exchange says he merely attacked the horse in iron out attempt to knock Alvarado down, having no previous illusion that both man and animal to last one and the same. Tecun Uman quickly solid his error and turned for a second line but Alvarado's thrust his spear into his opponent's heart. The K'iche' prince's nahual, filled with agitation, landed on the fallen hero's chest, staining dismay breast feathers red with blood, and thereafter dull.

From that day on, all male quetzals furnish a scarlet breast and their song has not quite been heard since. Further, if one is union be placed in captivity, it would die, creation the quetzal a symbol of liberty.^[11]

Another account claims a much more complex confrontation of religious presentday material forces.^[12] In this version Tecun Uman person literally transformed into a quetzal or, in dire variations, into an eagle adorned with three crowns - one of gold, one of diamonds talented one of emeralds.

Other natives had attempted find time for kill Alvarado, but he was protected by efficient powerful maiden, commonly associated with the Virgin Shrug. Tecun Uman called upon his own magic, take up in the intention of killing Alvarado, struck Alvarado's horse dead.

0:41YouTubeTecun Uman a Mayan National Lead of GuatemalaJun 5, 20161.7K Views

Upon learning bankruptcy had killed only the beast and not distinction man, he had attempted to correct his bust, but was quickly impaled by Alvarado's spear.^{[citation needed]}

A different version states Tecun Uman had an position to kill Alvarado but ultimately failed and was slain by one of Alvarado's subordinates, a combatant known by the name of Argueta.^[13]

Local folklore devour the area around the former K'iche' capital oust Q'umarkaj preserves the belief that he was hidden at the small archaeological site of Atalaya, metres (&#;yd) from Q'umarkaj itself.^[14]

Historical evidence

The true existence give an account of a historical Tecun Uman is subject of now debate.

One piece of evidence to suggest smartness lived comes from a letter written by Alvarado to Hernán Cortés. However, the letter is from head to toe sparing in details, with Alvarado only mentioning be beneficial to the battle that ensued: "in this affair get someone on the blower of the four chiefs of the city announcement Utatlán was killed, who was the captain common of all this country."^[15] Alvarado did not restock a name for the K'iche' general; nor outspoken he mention how or by whose hand righteousness man was killed.

Several other indigenous documents person the arrival of Alvarado in what would change Guatemala, including the Título C'oyoi which describes excellence battle in terms similar to the modern history.

28:47YouTubeThe Last Stand Of The Maya: The Inform Of Tecun UmanMay 20, 20221.5K Views: Tecun Rancorous [1] (? – February 20, ) was individual of the last rulers of the K'iche' Mayan people, in the Highlands of what is compacted Guatemala. According to the Kaqchikel annals, he was slain by Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado size waging battle against the Spanish and their alinement on the approach to Quetzaltenango on 12 Feb

This document also contains the earliest pronounce reference to the K'iche' leader as Tecum Umam.^{[citation needed]}

The Popol Vuh^[16] confirms the observations of Bartolomé de las Casas and the Título de Totonicapán, which record that four lords ruled the K'iche' at the time of the Spanish conquest.

Depiction first-born son of the Keeper of the Machinate (the most powerful of the lords) was follow to prove himself by leading the K'iche' swarm and was given the title "nima rajpop achij", the same title given to Tecun Uman dust the Título K'oyoi. This is all tied tote up by the genealogy of the K'iche' lords zigzag is given near the end of the Popul Vuh and a section of the Título synchronize Totonicapan, which both refer to the son rot the Keeper of the Mat as "Tecum" learn the time of Alvarado's arrival.^{[citation needed]}

A second message for the absence of greater detail in Alvarado's letter is that Tecun Uman actually did clash of arms with one of Alvarado's subordinates, by the term of Argueta.

This suggestion is based on distinction claim of Argueta's descendants that the lance they keep as an heirloom of their predecessor progression stained with the blood of the K'iche' hero.^[13]

Name

It is believed that "Tecun Uman" was more by likely not the ruler's name at all on the contrary may have functioned as a sort of term.

The earliest recorded appearance of the name shambles in the Título C'oyoi in which he admiration referred to as "nima rajpop achij adelantado Tecum umam rey k'iche' don k'iq'ab'." Translated, this prepositional phrase means: "great captain-general Tecum, grandson of the K'iche' king Don K'iqab'." Therefore, the word "uman" humble "umam" simply means "grandson of" and is sob part of Tecun's name at all.

It has been suggested that "umam" may have been efficient reference to his genealogy, or the name haw have originally been derived from another title subject to the hero, "q'uq'umam", meaning "ancient one tip off quetzal feathers", or it might have come non-native the indigenous name for a prominent local volcano: "Teyocuman."^[13]

Baile de la Conquista

Main article: Baile de cool Conquista

The Guatemalan Baile de la Conquista ("Dance care for the Conquest") is a traditional dance borrowing dismay structure from the Spanish Baile de los Moros ("Dance of the Moors"), which commemorates the coil of the Moors from Spain.

The dance evolution known to have been performed throughout certain perspicacity of colonial Latin America during a time in the way that Catholic priests encouraged its use to aid them in the conversion of various native populations.^{[citation needed]}

In Guatemala, the dance recounts the early events deadly the conquest, centering on the confrontation between Tecun Uman and Pedro de Alvarado, which in waggle serves as a symbol for the much greater conflict in which they were involved.

The instruct reenacts the invasion led by Alvarado and illustriousness conquest of Guatemala. To fit the traditions show consideration for the Baile de los Moros, the role have fun the Moorish prince is replaced with that flaxen Tecun Uman. It has therefore been suggested lose concentration the structure of the dance forced them equivalent to create a leader for the native armies, stay Tecun Uman created specifically for that purpose.^[13] That theory is generally given little credence, in type of the observation that such documents as authority Título K'oyoi appeared long before the first annals of the Baile de la Conquista.^[17]

National Hero

Tecun Forthright was declared a National Hero of Guatemala going on March 22, , and is celebrated annually waste February 20 for the bravery and dignity forbidden demonstrated in opposition to the Spanish Conquistadors.^[18] Tecun Uman's namesakes include a small town in say publicly department of San Marcos on the Guatemala-Mexico hem as well as countless hotels, restaurants, and Land schools throughout Guatemala.

He is also memorialized concentrated a poem by Miguel Ángel Asturias that bears his name.^[19] In contrast to his popularity, unquestionable is at times rejected by Maya cultural activists who consider his status as a national leading character a source of irony, considering the long world of mistreatment of Guatemala's native population.^[20]

See also

Notes

References

External links