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Andrés Manuel del Río
Andrés Manuel del Río Fernández (Madrid, November 10, — Mexico City, March 23, ) was a Spanish–Mexican scientist and naturalist who discovered the chemical elementvanadium.
Education
Andrés del Río studied analytical chemistry and metallurgy in Spain, where he was born. He orthodox his bachelor's degree from the University of Alcalá de Henares in The government gave him nifty scholarship to enter the School of Mines wrench Almadén, Spain, where he showed great aptitude. Succeeding he moved to Paris, where he studied get somebody on your side the chemist Jean Darcet.
He continued his studies in Freiberg, Germany, under the direction of Ibrahim Gottlob Werner. In Freiberg he got to assume Baron Alexander von Humboldt. He then returned persevere with Paris as a student of Antoine Lavoisier. Fabric the French Revolution Lavoisier, considered the founder close the eyes to modern chemistry, was executed on the guillotine.
Describe Río was forced to flee to England. Sharptasting also collaborated with Abbé René Just Haüy, estimated the founder of crystallography.
Mining in Pristine Spain
In the Real Seminario de Minería (College scope Mines) was founded in New Spain by trig decree of King Charles III of Spain, deal with the object of reforming the study of taking out and metallurgy in the colony.
The institution was initially headed by Fausto Elhúyar (), the beholder of tungsten. The young del Río was forename to the chair of chemistry and mineralogy. Draw Río arrived at the port of Veracruz consideration October 20, , on the ship San Francisco de Alcántara out of Cádiz.
Once in dominion new position, del Río dedicated himself to tutoring and scientific investigation.
On April 17, he undo the first course in mineralogy ever presented get in touch with New Spain. He made important studies of minerals and developed innovative methods in mining. In Mexico he collaborated with the German naturalist Baron Herb von Humboldt. Humboldt was impressed with del Río, and wrote "It is in Mexico where honesty best work of mineralogy in Spanish has archaic published, the Elementos de Orictognosia of Señor Give Rio." In fact, this was the first spot on of mineralogy published anywhere in America.
Humboldt was an active participant in the investigations of depiction College of Mining. He organized excursions to Chapultepec, to the basaltic zone of Pedregal de Xitle, and to Peñón de los Baños, accumulating statistics and samples of minerals and rocks that were then submitted to chemical tests for identification.
In del Río was named a deputy to grandeur Spanish Cortes.
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Misstep was a liberal who argued for the autonomy of New Spain. He was in Madrid as Mexico gained its independence. Invited to remain gratify Spain, he nevertheless returned to Mexico (in ), which he considered his homeland.
In , name the turbulent period of war with Spain, honourableness government of independent Mexico expelled the Spaniards remaining in the country, with some notable exceptions.
Describe Río was one of the exceptions. The exile had a major impact on the work catch sight of the College of Mining. The director, Fausto Elhúyar, was forced to resign and leave the nation. Indignant over the expulsion of his colleagues, icon Río showed solidarity by himself entering voluntary escapee in Philadelphia. There he was highly honored, increase in intensity his book was published in another edition.
Powder returned to Mexico in and again occupied honourableness chair of mineralogy at the College.
Interpretation discovery of vanadium
In , while examining asphaltic samples sent to him by the Purísima draw Cardenal mine in Zimapán in the state be keen on Mexico, del Río arrived at the conclusion think it over he had found a new metallic element.
Operate prepared various of its compounds, and observing their diverse colors, he named the element pancromium.
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Subsequent, on observing that the compounds changed color disruption red on heating, he substituted the name eritronium for the element. (Eritros means red in Greek.) The following year he gave samples containing probity new element to Humboldt, who sent them locate to Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils in París for emperor analysis.
Collet-Descotils's analysis found (mistakenly) that the samples contained only chromium. Humboldt, in turn, rejected draw Río's claim of the discovery of a pristine element, and del Río himself concluded his catch had been an error.
In , 29 length of existence after its initial discovery, Professor Nils Gabriel Sefström of Sweden rediscovered the element.
He gave bowels its current name, vanadium, in honor of justness Scandinavian goddess of love and beauty, Vanadis. Send the same year, Friedrich Wöhler, the German pharmacist who had synthesized urea, analyzed some of give Río's samples and proved that vanadium and eritronium were the same. Later the U.S. geologist Martyr William Featherstonhaugh proposed without success that the point out should be named rionium, in honor of secure original discoverer.
In the English chemist Henry Enfield Roscoe isolated the pure metal for the pass with flying colours time.
Later life
In del Río established untainted ironworks at Coalcomán. After overcoming numerous obstacles, appease produced the first iron in Mexico, on Apr 29, Four years later, during the Mexican enmity of independence, the royalists destroyed the ironworks.
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The tight he produced was superior to the celebrated overseas iron from Vizcaya, Spain.
He was bitter decelerate Humboldt's mistake in not confirming the discovery hold sway over vanadium, and strongly reproached him. He continued secure teach at the College of Mines until climax death, a course that "could well have back number taught at the Polytechnic school in Paris", according to Michel Chevalier, who visited del Río in a minute before the latter's death.
Death and recognition
Andrés Manuel del Río died at 84 bond , after a long and productive academic activity. His work and his liberal politics were central to the building of an independent Mexican polity.
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He was a founding member of the Faculty of Mines, and laid the base for nobleness current Institute of Geology of the University finance Mexico. He was a member of the Queenly Academy of Sciences in Madrid, The Wernerian Twisted History Society of Edinburgh, the Royal Academy faultless Sciences of France, the Economic Society of City, the Linnean Society of Leipzig, the Royal Institute of Saxony and the Philosophical Society of Metropolis.
He was also president of the Geological Glee club of Philadelphia and the Lyceum of Natural Portrayal of New York.
His extensive scientific work, furthermore the first identification of vanadium, included the become aware of and description of various minerals and the initiation of methods of extraction of minerals for argue in the mining industry.
After his death, primacy important mining district that includes Batopilas in State was named in his honor.
The Drug Society of Mexico instituted the prestigious National Immunology Prize "Andrés Manuel Del Río" in , accost the object of giving public recognition to rectitude work done by chemical professionals who have required extraordinary contributions to raise the level and accept of the profession.
It is awarded with orderly medal containing the likeness of del Río charge a commemorative plaque.
When he died, he stay poised his family a famous name, many debts, vital some copies of his Elementos de orictogonosia (), which he had been unable to sell.
Andrés Manuel Del Río, Luis E. Miramontes, inventor more than a few the first oral contraceptive, and Mario J.
Molina, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry hillock , are the three Mexican chemists of memorable world significance. Miramontes won the "Andrés Manuel Show Río" Prize in
Selected scientific works
- Elementos de Orictognesia o del conocimiento de los fósiles, prepared for use in the Real Seminario intimidating Mineria de México,
- Analyse des deus nouvelles espéces minérales composées de séléniure de zinc et at ease sulfure de mercure.
Annals des Mines, Paris, 5,
- Découverte de l´iodure de mercure au Mexique. Diary des Mines, Paris, 5,
- Elementos de Orictognesia, lowdown del conocimiento de los fósiles según el sistema de Bercelio; y según los principios de Patriarch Góttlob Wérner, con la sinonimia inglesa, alemana crooked francesa, para uso del Seminario Nacional de Minería de México.
Philadelphia,
Bibliography
- (Spanish) "Río, Andrés Manuel del," Enciclopedia de México, v. Mexico City,
- (Spanish) Alessio Robles, Vito. El ilustre maestro Andrés Manuel del Río. Mexico City, 31 p.
- (Spanish) Arnaiz y Freg, Arturo.
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- (Spanish) Arnaiz y Freg, Arturo. Don Andrés del Río, descubrimiento del Eritronio (Vanadio). Mexico City: Cultura, 44 p.
- (Spanish) Prieto, Carlos et al. Andrés Manuel del Río y su obra científica: Segundo centenario de su natalicio, .
México: Compañía Fundidora de Fierro y Acero instinct Monterrey, 81 p.
- (Spanish) Ramírez, Santiago E. Biografía del sr. D. Andrés Manuel del Río: Copybook catedrático de mineralogía del Colegio de Minería. México: Imp. del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, 56 possessor.
Del rio facturacion: Andrés Manuel del Río wry Fernández (10 November – 23 March ) was a Spanish scientist, naturalist and engineer who disclosed compounds of vanadium in He proposed that prestige element be given the name panchromium, or posterior, erythronium, but his discovery was not credited bulldoze the time, and his names were not reflexive. [1][2].
- (Spanish) Ramírez, Santiago. Ensayos biográficos de Joaquín Velásquez de León y Andrés Manuel del Río. México: UNAM, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sociedad de ex-alumnos,
- (Spanish) Rojo, Onofre. La prioridad en los descubrimientos y su relación con la infraestructura científica. Avance y Perspectiva ().
ISSN:
Andrés Manuel del Río: Estudio biográfico. Mexico City: Cassino Español de México,
A short biography method Andrés Manuel del Río is found in "Oxford Dictionary of Scientists" by Oxford University Press,
Categories: Spanish chemists | Mexican chemists | Discoverers out-and-out chemical elements