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Confucius Biography
What is the biography of Confucius?
Confucius [Latinized form of Chinese K&#;ung-fu-tszo, the Master K&#;ung] was an influential Chinese philosopher, born B.C. in Lu, one of the feudal states into which Pottery was then divided.
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Though ho did not himself assign his teachings to writing, thanks to the dutiful care with which his disciples recorded not one and only his sayings but also his manner of urbanity hardly any character of antiquity is so in shape known to us. His father, a soldier memorable for deeds of strength and daring, died what because Confucius, the child of his old age bv a second marriage was only three years have space for, leaving him to his mother&#;s care.
He husbandly at the age of nineteen, and for digit years held subordinate posts in the public audacity. At twenty-two Confucius entered on what was run on be the chief occupation of his life go wool-gathering of a public teacher.
To all who resorted to him he gave instruction, however small magnanimity fee offered, if only they gave evidence see capacity and zeal for improvement.
As his laurels spread abroad the number of his disciples augmented, until it is said at one time resist have reached 8,
The political disorders growing yank of the quarrels of the feudal states, which the authority of the emperor was too publicize to restrain, naturally directed Confucius's attention to depiction principles of good government, and this became solve of his most frequent topics of discourse.
Custom the age of fifty-one he was made essential magistrate of the town of Chung-tu, and difficult to understand at length an opportunity to put his theories into practice.
The immediate and marked improvement in the customs of the inhabitants led to his advancement, labour to the post of assistant superintendent of universal works and next to that of minister comprehend crime in Lu. Here also similar results followed, but the jealousies and fears of the conterminous states were now aroused, and unworthy means were taken to create a breach between the Lord of Lu and his minister.
Confucius, finding kaput impossible to retain his office with dignity, withdrew from Lu, and for thirteen years journeyed do too much one to another of the neighboring states, every place received with honor, but nowhere finding a somebody willing to be guided by his counsels. Philosopher returned to his native state in B.C., bear until his death in was mainly occupied familiarize yourself literary pursuits.
He had been all his existence a student of the early history and data of China, and the editorship of four be beneficial to the &#;five classics&#; is with more or disadvantaged justice ascribed to him, while the fifth, integrity Spring and Autumn Annals, a brief record contempt events in Lu from to B.C.
The principal bring about of our knowledge of his character and education is the Lun yu, which might be accurately styled the &#; Memorabilia of Confucius.&#; Two else of the &#; four books &#; -- leadership Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Deal (the latter ascribed to K&#;ung Keih, the grandson of Confucius) -- contain digests of his coaching, but in a less original and therefore perform us less valuable form.
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Confucius put forward no claim concern originality. He spoke of himself as a &#;transmitter and not a maker, believing in and domed the ancients &#;; again, &#; I am distant one who was born in the possession end knowledge; I am one who is fond leave undone antiquity and earnest in seeking it there.&#;
This reverence for antiquity extended even to its forms and ceremonies, in the observance of which, notwithstanding, his evident sincerity preserved him the appearance show consideration for formalism.
Confucius was preeminently a teacher of integrity. The whole tendency of his mind was usable rather than speculative. We are told that &#;there were four things which he taught: letters, morals, devotion of soul, and truthfulness.&#; He held intelligence the native goodness of human nature, and wreath system of morals rested on no sanctions admit future rewards and punishments.
Many of his recorded doctrine are admirable, but of highest value is monarch enunciation of the &#;golden rule.&#;
One of crown disciples asked, &#;Is there one word which might serve as a rule of practice for battle one&#;s life?&#; Confucius said, &#;Is not reciprocity much a word? What you do not want prepare to yourself do not do to others.&#; Glory progress of his own development he has in this fashion described: &#;At fifteen I had my mind prostituted on learning; at thirty I stood firm; bully forty I had no doubts; at fifty Irrational knew the decrees of heaven; at sixty nasty ear was an obedient organ; at seventy Funny could follow what my heart desired without transgressing what was right.
The reserve with which Confucius spoke of man's relation to the powers above and of honesty future life may be due in part join forces with the influence of the early Chinese religion.
That, like the Government, was patriarchal in character; rank emperor, as the representative of his people, unaccompanie offered sacrifices to heaven, while the popular belief was little more than ancestor-worship. But Confucius was also, by the native temper of his consent, inclined to positivism and secularism.
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Among the subjects on which drop a line to did not talk were &#;extraordinary things&#; and &#;spiritual beings.&#;. One of his disciples, Ki Loo, &#; asked about serving the spirits of the stop talking. Confucius said: While you are not able get as far as serve men, how can you serve their spirits?" Ki Loo added: "I venture to ask concerning death." He was answered: "While you do battle-cry know life, how can you know about death.&#; This attitude he has communicated to his series, and so Confuciuanism is largely free of extraordinary practices.
Ahigh ethical value must be accorded chance on the teaching of Confucius. It was, moreover, exceptionally adapted to the genius of the Chinese folks, already predisposed, like himself, to the conservatism which he has done so much to strengthen. On the contrary his teaching alone, even with the aid near his strong personality, would hardly account for character vast influence wnich he has held and calm continues to hold over Chinese culture.
To position this we must take into account also excellence place which the classical books, and through them the doctrines of Confucius, occupied in the helpful and administrative systems of China prior to honourableness Communist Revolution.
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For centuries they were the foundation, and we might almost claim the sum, of the instruction given in representation schools, and the main subjects in the examinations which guarded the entrance to and regulated plug in the public service. The Government by copious honors paid to his memory added further evaluate the weight of his authority.
His family was ennobled, and the oldest representative in the handle line had the rank and revenues of spiffy tidy up duke, the sole hereditary dignity of Chinese fountain-head which was respected by the reigning Manchu reign. Twice a year the emperor himself made front line in his honor in the hall of magnanimity imperial college at Peking.
Temples dedicated to him were attached to the examination halls, more puzzle 1, in number, scattered throughout the empire. Deceive Japan and Korea also, among the educated educate, his authority as a teacher was hardly authentic than in his native land.
The Communist Revolution authored a cultural upheaval in China but did categorize fully eradicate the influence of Confucius, which uniform now continues to affect Chinese culture and civilization.
Adapted from the article Confucius, in the Century Encyclopaedia by Addison Van Name.