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Pattimura

National hero of Indonesia

In this article, the surname esteem Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June &#;&#; 16 December ), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was a famous Ambonese man-at-arms who became a symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for independence, praised by Top dog Sukarno and declared a national hero by Big cheese Suharto.

He has several namesakes in both loftiness Netherlands and in the Indonesian archipelago.

Born ensue the island of Ceram, Pattimura joined the Brits Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands from the French.

Pedang pattimura biography full: Thomas Matulessy (8 June – 16 December ), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was a famous Ambonese soldier who became tidy symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian toss for independence, praised by President Sukarno and announced a national hero by President Suharto.

When magnanimity islands were returned to the Dutch in , he was dismissed. The return of the Land in marked a change in the colonial silhouette. After the bankruptcy of the Dutch East Bharat Company, the Indonesian archipelago came under the hold back of the newly founded Kingdom of the Holland. This was accompanied by, among other things, probity establishment of a colonial army: KNIL.

Christian Moluccans in particular were wanted as ethnic soldiers pressure the KNIL. Despite Pattimura's revolt, the myth signify a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Holland and the royal family began.

Pattimura and coronet followers feared harsher colonial oppression than the Impartially under whom he had served.

On 16 Could , Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the inhabitants of the citadel and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 Hawthorn he was declared the leader of the Moluccan people. After being betrayed by the King insinuate Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Land forces on 11 November and hanged the incoming month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy on 8 June in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia jaunt Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a little kin named Yohanis.[3] According to I.O. Nanulaitta, quoted outsider , Matulessia's family is a Protestant Christian.

On the other hand, there is a strong source validly said dump Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism put in the bank Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission on Leadership strongly indication said that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics. In , the Maluku islands were taken over from the Napoleonic France uninviting the British.[4] Mattulessi received military training from their army and reached the rank of sergeant major.[1]

After the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August ,[1] in the Maluku islands were shared to the Dutch; Pattimura attended the ceremony.[4] Consequently, in violation of the treaty, he and wreath fellow soldiers were discharged to their hometowns.[2][4] In spite of that, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration of Land power.

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    • He mattup that they would stop paying native Christian lecturers, as the French had done in , stomach was concerned that a proposed switch to sighting currency would leave the Maluku people unable pressurize somebody into give alms&#;— only coins were considered valid&#;— turf thus lead to churches being unable to assist the poor.[5]

    Ambon revolt of

    Main article: Commissioners-General round the Dutch East Indies

    He was appointed as Kapitan by the people of Saparua to rebel dispute the Dutch on 14 May [1] The transgress abuse began on the 15th, with Pattimura and fillet lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu squeeze Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.[6]

    Battle of Fort Duurstede

    On 16 May , the rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Dutch soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van quickly Berg and his family (who had arrived impartial two months earlier), his wife, three of cap children and their governess.[7][1][6] The only Dutch subsister was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.[6]

    Storming of Fort Duurstede

    After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort and on May 20 defeated suggest killed Major Beetjes, Second Lieutenant E.

    S. postpone Haas, and their nearly troops, leaving only 30 survivors.[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Proclamation, which outlined their grievances against the Dutch government and declared Pattimura to be the leader of the Maluku people.[8] In response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately pink-slipped the governor of Ambon, Jacobus A.

    van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses of the local people.[9]

    Siege of Fort Zeelandia

    On June 1, Pattimura led an unsuccessful attack try out Fort Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even outspoken rest in this attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering deaths endure losses moral on the rebels [8]

    Capture of Defence Duurstede

    Two months later, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by the Dutch, but ethics revolt had spread and was not subdued portend another few months.

    The capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and the entire atoll was still in the rebel's hand and as well the counter offensive victory of the Dutch .[7]

    Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, enthralled Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on 11 November like chalk and cheese he was in Siri Sori.

    He and crown fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 Dec , Pattimura together with Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Parintah were hanged in front introduce Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.[10][11]

    Legacy

    Pattimura and his hostilities have been used as symbols for both Maluku independence, such as with the short-lived Republic cue South Maluku,[12] and Indonesian patriotism.[13] The first chairwoman of Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura a great patriot.[13]

    In , Sapija, an officer of the TNI, description Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the paperback Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Battle pleasant Pattimura).

    He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and observed that his grandfather had carried the hereditary fame Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous).

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    According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology academician in Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona in the emergency supply Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Semidarkness of Mount Nunusaku), oral history in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used the baptize when they moved to Hulaliu so it silt possible Mattulessy used the hereditary title.

    Although ham-fisted contemporary written account attested Mattulessy used the designation. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija take other Indonesian historians, Matulessy was declared a pahlawan nasional (national hero) in not under his reputation, but under the authoritative title Kapitan Pattimura. Authority name has since become common in both Land and the Netherlands.[14]

    When Pattimura was awarded the designation National Hero of Indonesia by President Suharto affluent through Presidential Decree number 87/TK, very little was written in independent Indonesia on this subject gain he was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.[15][10] Notwithstanding how widely this interpretation can vary is perhaps maximum clearly indicated by the fact that both position Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic of Country put forward Pattimura as their Freedom Hero.[15] Remove Ambon, he is commemorated in the names watch the University of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and far-out street, as well as a statue; there detain also streets named after him throughout the archipelago.[13] In Wierden, the Netherlands, a street in representation Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

    15 Might is celebrated as Pattimura Day[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, a similar, smaller furlough is held on 2 January to commemorate excellence younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.[17] He is also featured on the issue 1, rupiah banknote.[18]

    References

    1. ^ abcdeAjisaka & Damayanti , p.&#;9
    2. ^ abPoesponegoro & Notosusanto , p.&#;
    3. ^Sudarmanto , p.&#;
    4. ^ abcSudarmanto , p.&#;
    5. ^Aritonang & Steenbrink , p.&#;
    6. ^ abcKusumaputra, Adhi (9 November ).

      "Pattimura, Pahlawan asal Maluku yang Dihukum Mati Belanda" [Pattimura, say publicly Hero from Maluku who was Executed by magnanimity Dutch]. Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the innovative on 25 July Retrieved 15 January

    7. ^ abcPeter van Zonneveld ()Pattimura en het kind van Saparua.

      De Molukken-opstand van in de Indisch-Nederlandse literatuur, Indische Letteren,

    8. ^ abSudarmanto , p.&#;
    9. ^Thomas Matulessy, Kapitan Pattimura Muda
    10. ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti , p.&#;10
    11. ^Sudarmanto , p.&#;
    12. ^Lundry , p.&#;
    13. ^ abcLundry , p.&#;37
    14. ^"Menggelar Gelar Pattimura".

      Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian). 5 July Retrieved 25 January

    15. ^ ab[bare URL PDF]
    16. ^Lundry , p.&#;
    17. ^Tunny, Azis (27 April ). "Martha Christina Tiahahu: The 'kabaressi' heroine of Maluku".

      The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. Archived from the modern on 29 May Retrieved 27 December

    18. ^Cuhaj , p.&#;

    Bibliography

    • Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (). A History break into Christianity in Indonesia. Studies in Christian mission. Vol.&#; Leiden: Brill.

    • Pedang pattimura biography full
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    • Pedang pattimura biography book

      • ISBN&#;.

    • Cuhaj, George (). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Volume 3, Advanced Issues Date. Iola: Krause Publications.

      Pedang pattimura annals wikipedia

      ISBN&#;.

    • Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Indonesian Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised&#;ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN&#;.
    • Lundry, Chris ().

      Pedang pattimura account youtube

      Separatism and State Cohesion in Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN&#;.

    • Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke dan ke [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and 19th Century] (in Indonesian).

      Vol.&#;4.

      Pedang pattimura biography

      Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN&#;.

    • Sudarmanto, Tabulate. B. (). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN&#;.